Labrador Retriever | Cynologist

Inflammatory Pancreatic Disease The pancreas is a unique organ possessing both exocrine (digestive) and endocrine...

Ureteral Agenesis Ureteral agenesis is the congenital absence of one or both ureters due to...

The Ophthalmic Examination History A complete ophthalmic history is an essential part of every puppy's...

Congenital Abnormalities Microphthalmos. Failure of the eye to develop to normal size is referred to...

The lens develops rapidly in the early stages of embryogenesis, during which time it is...

Tapetal coloration of the fundus of the puppy and kitten is usually gray or blue...

Age-related changes that may affect anaesthesia or surgery include: Nervous System Cardiovascular system Respiratory system...

Canine and feline viral enteritis are usually diagnosed in younger unvaccinated animals. The animal's age,...

Physiology and Endocrinology The eggs released by the bitch are fertilized in the uterine tubes...

1) Can a bitch carry pups from more than one sire in a litter? Yes....

Cynologist